һʮ ĺѫ
ϾʧݵϢϳϵΪ֮綼Ϊ֮
̷ʵŭ֮£Ʋ֪⽟器յûзĶղ½ؽĽͼȫ侲̷ֻ֮گZǰ泤ɳʧگZµʱ䣬˺ƵƵZ

̷㡣
½Ѷ͢Ϊڡڡʷԣֱڶ֮мȣ˵ݻ뽫ʹϾ˼ʮ챻ݡ䱻ɱ⻩ʮطӶղӣԾߣͬߣȣȡ͢ΪֻͻܶһΣǶӹٵͽˣʵԣ֮͢ɻµĵֻ֪ͣͶʱãֻ֮ĵƭ۾϶ûк³
ռϾ̫ƽ̷һڰ

ޣ̻ǵÿЩǣǜ˺̷ùٰݽᶽҲս̷ƺͽϵ٣ϱˣڽǃȡ
ͬʱĴӶijڸسʸ̷֮УոʡһΪթڴֵ֮ԱʮԱʵ˱һŵķ͢ͷ⾼˺ˡ
ȫصϢ

裬ܶ෴Ὺʼı췴Ӧ̫ƽоɽȵصػᡢСᡢǮȣ˺С塣ı㡢ƹȻŹõĴƣ⽩õͯʤĴָɽ֡ȵ統صػᡢСȰȥˡ
ʵ֮͢⣬ейע̫ƽһһǾӢЏԴӡԼǩ֮⽔·ḻԭʼȡݳΪһóۿڡӵЏǣ̫ƽݽǶѣǵ̫ƽѸ֮ƻвڻ棬˷ӹע֧Ѿ
ʱӢʹȫȨܶĺطȥ棬Ͼ̫ƽ֮¶ԜӰ죺ϾѾΪʵܵԱ

δ֮شϾĹʶԼʷϵĹϵҪʱۣϾǵĵƶԣϾӽڵ۹ӽ˺ӣѾҪĻǿ谭һ

ͨж⽔·ҪĵطڱĴװѾռݣ¼βܱʩģһӰ쵽Ӣڻ档ҽѸռϾѾչӴԱǶЩչѸ͵Ѿиȫȷжϡ
ĺѫڷûеȴȥǿʼϾ
̷£ѾռϾʮĺѫ̣ӢԶӵġʿhermesſ˴ѲҴʿһ緫˫ľΦʮף˫ľ죬ÿʮףһҴٵٿǧķ緫Ϊһǧһٶʮƽףʮм̵ijǣ⽔һǧٶ֣䱸ʮźװںһһʮԱʿŽںڷ

չҫĿ⻩ֽ
⻩ֽ̹·γɡʮĸ֡⻩ֽϵı仯ν⽇죬˰⻩ֽķ⽔һգһЩƵĴͷջδ깤ȴѳֳ۴αȵ̬˳̩ͷͷ̫ͷʴͷͷ̩ͷͷ˳ͷͷһҰһңÿͷͣǧϵĿ纣֣ͷһ뻮һĴջÿ

ųǧֻ
̾ӪĹͷҶͷҶͷҶͷ⽩ͷֻͣػʯƽ״ͶɴͷȣЩͷɽСֺסͷ϶ќн˿⽩˿⻩˿ľޡҶ器Ŷͼ½ĴѻƬ器ߺú̿ͷͻջ洦ܿ⾼Ŀװ˺ܹǵӡˡ˺˺һһȺȺűӵĿԱ߿ҪDzء
ʿ˳̩ͷԶᶽβjameshopeУͬĺһ´˳̩ͷӢפ¹ݲԶ°(ruther
fordalcock)ͷϺšĺѫһ´ͱϹϾһ˫⽪װμΪᳵԯ⻩ͭ

һӢС죬ͷ

ͷӡ⾼⾼Ԧϡޡѽؽţ˦ážž죬ƥ⽩⾊ǣųӡơܣ⽪ʯ

ꤡĹ
ĺѫʮ꣬һŵ͵ѷWգ⾼Ŀ°Ũܵĺ룬дмͷشññ露һ⿇⾊ͷdz⾊Ϲҳһ˿ݵЦ
ĺѾ˽⼊ѾУҾݜṩһЩѾڴģ漯ĿܿǺݡݵȵأΪĻ̷̻ণȵӢ̺Ⱦ˭֪Ѿʱ֪ѾشӢ۹ǩġԼĺеԾû뵽Ʊ仯Ѹ٣һ¹ݾٿƷᡣ
¹һάǷ¥Ҵ״ʯǽԲƮһס졣ϴԸ⻩ֽСֺƵڽ洩УʱϵĴǣ⽔ųƻһĺҴԿ流ʵݺӣªСƵļֻ࣬һխ⽔ٸ֮Ϊסϣӵ⽔˳流£⼊⻩ֽ


Ư⼊
ݺӶسǣξʮ꣨1553ģ꣬Զ


߲½룬ʴijǽϳһһصĻIJݣʮűصڡ
ĺ¹ݻÓºش멣ݸԱ̺ӡߣת⾝һάʽʨצɳϡӿڴͳһѩѣݸһ֧Լһ֧ȼ
ĺ

ڣ˵ҽӵı棬⽡ҹЭֹѾǣ弄Ѿ

ǰʼҺܽ⼊ս⽡õĹ̫ݡɽ̫ʮһأϽأӢӡֿ̫ڣdz
βУһҹЭӦʵɱȨ빫ʹЭ̣һСС̨棿

϶ԴӢ۹ӣԲ̡βʮ꣬е⾝Ũصĺʨһ˿һ⾝

⾊бƲ⽪һ̽ǶһŴɭɭ̱ʯһɵ͵Ӣ硣
̲סЦβУʵۻûѧҹ

õطνġġ

⽡Ҵ

ʱ˸ǣʱ弄˭͢Ǵ߽ˡ
ĺ

Ƭ̺ʵ̫ƽ˽٣
ʹ£ⳡģս꣬κεĹٷϢ֪˭̫ƽ졣ȤһǣӜϿǵƺһˣΪ⾼ʲôΤʲô壬ʲôȫҪ⾼֮ѡthefriendofchinaϵ£ȫ

ˡѰմԺڻʿźдģ;˵ת룬ԶﴫԲš˵̫ƽɱ˷Żď˵ǸŻ̵Ѿ˵һᣬ֮˵ʲôĶС⼊ȵأҺ¹ȫԱһֱֻֻ突ȻѾ
M.AQXs.